INGREDIENT RESEARCH / CLAIM SUBSTANTIATION AND CUSTOMER RESEARCH TRIALS -PIMPLE POTION
Claim Substantiation
Product Pimple Potion Spot Serum
Qualitative research analysis based on
evidence, statistic and research.
Aqua, Sodium Hyaluronate, Salicylic Acid, Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) extract, Activated Charcoal, Niacinamide USP – 1%
Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract, Melaleuca Alternafolia (Tea Tree) Leaf Oil, Xanthan Gum, Citric Acid, Preservative K (Benzyl alcohol, Phenoxyethanol, Potassium sorbate, Tocopherol).
Product Claims to be Substantiated:
1) Cleans Pores and clears your Complexion of imperfections (spots, pimples, blemishes, emerging spots)
One study looked at 2 products containing salicylic acid where the percentage as at least 1%. In both products the effects on skin were positive. Both products containing salicylic acid […] acts on sebum by showing a shine reduction and delaying the return of greasiness on pimples and blackheads. These 2 products containing the active combination are clearly appreciated for their overall efficacy and their positive action on skin conditions such as spots, blackheads, pimples and acne. It also delays the return of emerging spots due to its stringent acidic properties.
Researchers reviewed all recent data and research on Tea Tree oil properties and found significant research backed up the anti-bacterial and anti-microbial qualities for tea tree oil – wards off infections, kills bacteria and creates a hostile environment for germs and infections to multiply. In many research studies it has been found that Tea Tree Oil is resistant to Candida Albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggesting strong anti-bacterial properties. When used in skincare it has a cleansing and purifying effect.
Iris Strodtholz, Timm Schmidt, Ivana Strahinjic (2004) Skincare compositions comprising salicyclic acid
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P Nenoff, UF Haustein, W Brandt - Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 1996 Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) against pathogenic fungi in vitro.
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Antifungal effects of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and its components on Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
KA Hammer, CF Carson, TV Riley - Journal of Antimicrobial …, 2004
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C. F. Carson, K. A. Hammer, T. V. Riley (2006)
Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil: a Review of Antimicrobial and Other Medicinal Properties
2) Pulls out dead skin, pollution particles and excess sebum with activated charcoal - The charcoal absorbs grease, grime and unwanted particles from the skin.
A study looked at how charcoal absorbs oil substances as it’s inversely proportional to the sixth power of distance. This means that to stick to something and trap it, the activated charcoal needs to basically be touching the substance. In the study the activated charcoal had very high efficacy when absorbing oil substances. So when skincare is applied to skin and rubbed in it will pull oil and dirt within the oil into the charcoal molecule. They also found that the more charcoal you apply the more grease and grime it absorbs too:
‘’In case of using powdered activated carbon (PAC) as the absorbent, increasing the weight of absorbent from 0.1 to 0.5 g led to the increase in oil removal from 20.0% to 61.0% on treating sample of 600 ppm (initial oil concentration) and after stirring time of 0.5 h. On treating oil–water emulsion sample (836 ppm initial oil concentration) with 0.5 g PAC and stirring for 2.0 h gave oil removal of 82.78% and with 1.0 g of the adsorbent and stirring time for 4.0 h gives 93.54%.’’
Khaled Okiela, Mona El-Sayed, Mohamed Y.El-Kadyc (2011) Treatment of oil–water emulsions by adsorption onto activated carbon, bentonite and deposited carbon
Thanks to its powerful anti-inflammatory properties, some research suggest that witch hazel could be useful in the treatment of acne. It can be applied directly to your face after cleansing or steaming for maximum effectiveness. It acts as an astringent, causing your tissues to contract to help shrink pores, while also soothing your skin and relieving inflammation. This may prevent acne-causing bacteria from infecting your skin. For this reason, witch hazel is commonly added to many over-the-counter acne products and is especially useful for individuals with oily skin.
Leena Chularojanamontri, MD, Papapit Tuchinda, MD, Kanokvalai Kulthanan, MD, and Kamolwan Pongparit, MDcorresponding author (2014) Moisturizers for Acne, What are their Constituents
5) Witch Hazell acts as an anti-inflammatory
Inflammation is a normal immune response designed to protect your body against injury and infection. However, chronic inflammation is thought to play a central role in the development of certain diseases. Witch hazel contains many compounds with potent anti-inflammatory properties, including gallic acid and tannins. It also contains antioxidants that help prevent widespread inflammation and neutralize free radicals, which are disease-causing compounds that can build up in your body.
Phillip Hunter (2015) The inflammation theory of disease. The growing realization that chronic inflammation is crucial in many diseases opens new avenues for treatment
A study has shown that topically-applied witch hazel can effectively reduce inflammation and help soothe your skin:
In 40 volunteers the efficacy of three lotions with 10% hamamelis distillates from different suppliers, two vehicles, dimethindene maleate 0.1% gel, hydrocortisone 1% cream and hydrocortisone 0.25% lotion were investigated in a modified UV erythema test with three UV dosages (1.2, 1.4 and 1.7 MED). The test preparations were applied occlusively over a 48-hour period following irradiation. Chromametric measurement of redness and visual assessment were performed 24, 48 and 72 h after induction of erythema. The hydrocortisone formulations were most effective in erythema suppression. An anti- inflammatory effect was noted for all three hamamelis lotions as well as for the vehicles. A significantly greater suppression of erythema than seen with the vehicles was noted for one of the hamamelis lotions at 1.4 MED. The efficacy of the antihistamine dimethindene maleate did not surpass the hamamelis lotions or the vehicles. Even though the differences between the hamamelis lotions were slight, it was possible to make an objective selection of the best hamamelis distillate for aftersun purposes.
The also suggests that applying witch hazel topically to sensitive skin may be beneficial in the treatment of inflamed, irritated or broken skin. In fact, witch hazel has been shown to suppress erythema — a reddening of the skin caused by injury or irritation — by up to 27%
Hughes-Formella BJ1, Filbry A, Gassmueller J, Rippke F. (2002) Anti-inflammatory efficacy of topical preparations with 10% hamamelis distillate in a UV erythema test
6) Use to target lacklustre tone and textural irregularities
.In multiple chronic clinical studies, topical niacinamide (vitamin B3) has been observed to be well tolerated by skin and to provide a broad array of improvements in the appearance of aging facial skin (eg, reduction in the appearance of hyper-pigmentated spots and red blotchiness).
To clinically determine the effect of topical niacinamide on additional skin appearance and property end points (wrinkles, yellowing, and elasticity).
Female white subjects (N = 50) with clinical signs of facial photoaging (fine lines and wrinkles, poor texture, and hyperpigmented spots) applied 5% niacinamide to half of the face and its vehicle control to the other half twice daily for 12 weeks (double blind, left‐right randomized). Facial images and instrumental measures were obtained at baseline and at 4‐week intervals.
Analyses of the data revealed a variety of significant skin appearance improvement effects for topical niacinamide: reductions in fine lines and wrinkles, hyperpigmented spots, red blotchiness, and skin sallowness (yellowing). In addition, elasticity (as measured via cutometry) was improved. Corresponding mechanistic information is presented.
Their conclusion was that In addition to previously observed benefits for topical niacinamide, additional effects were identified (improved appearance of skin wrinkles and yellowing and improved elasticity).
Donald L. Bissett PhD John E. Oblong PhD Cynthia A. Berge BS “(2016) Niacinamide: A B Vitamin that Improves Aging Facial Skin Appearance
Niacinamide is a component of important coenzymes involved in hydrogen transfer. Here, the two codehydrogenases, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) are of central importance. Topical application of niacinamide has a stabilizing effect on epidermal barrier function, seen as a reduction in transepidermal water loss and an improvement in the moisture content of the horny layer. Niacinamide leads to an increase in protein synthesis (e.g. keratin), has a stimulating effect on ceramide synthesis, speeds up the differentiation of keratinocytes, and raises intracellular NADP levels. In ageing skin, topical application of niacinamide improves the surface structure, smoothes out wrinkles and inhibits photoc-arcinogenesis. It is possible to demonstrate anti‐inflammatory effects in acne, rosacea and nitrogen mustard‐induced irritation. Because of its verifiable beneficial effects, niacinamide would be a suitable component in cosmetic products for use in disorders of epidermal barrier function, for ageing skin, for improving pigmentary disorders and for use on skin prone to acne.
W Gehring, (2014) Nicotinic acid/niacinamide and the skin
Previous clinical testing of topical niacinamide (vitamin B3) has revealed a broad array of improvements in the appearance of aging facial skin. The study reported here was done to confirm some of those previous observations and to evaluate additional end points such as skin anti‐yellowing. Caucasian female subjects (n = 50, aged 40–60 years) participated in a 12‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, split‐face, left–right randomized clinical study assessing two topical products: moisturizer control product versus the same moisturizer product containing 5% niacinamide. Niacinamide was well tolerated by the skin and provided significant improvements versus control in end points evaluated previously: fine lines/wrinkles, hyperpigmentation spots, texture, and red blotchiness. In addition, skin yellowing (sallowness) versus control was significantly improved. The mechanism by which this array of benefits is achieved with niacinamide is discussed.
D. L. Bissett K. Miyamoto P. Sun J. Li C. A. Berge (2014) Topical niacinamide reduces yellowing, wrinkling, red blotchiness, and hyperpigmented spots in aging facial skin
7) Moisturises skin (with Hyaluronic Acid)
Researchers in Greece looked at and studied Hyaluronic Acid in its structural form and explain that in aqueous solutions Hyaluronic Acid forms specific stable tertiary structures which can hold high quantities of water and benefit tissue by aiding its hydration levels. ‘’Youthful skin retains its turgor, resilience and pliability, among others, due to its high content of water.’’. At a molecular level these structures have space filling tendencies and in a cosmetic product would therefore plump the skin at the same time.
They explain in their study that […] Hyaluronic Acid in the dermis […] is in continuity with the lymphatic and vascular systems. HA in the dermis regulates water balance, osmotic pressure and ion flow and functions as a sieve, excluding certain molecules, enhancing the extracellular domain of cell surfaces and stabilizes skin structures by electrostatic interactions.
Eleni Papakonstantinou, Michael Roth & George KarakiulakisDepartment of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; (2012) Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging
Researchers studied Hyaluronic Acid as a vehicle for permeability to deliver a ‘’transdermal carrier for active lipophilic ingredient’’ in order to assess the bioavailability of the substance. They used a certain alcohol free, oil/water based nano-emulsion with hyaluronic acid that could permeate into the dermis and successfully found that it worked favourably to deliver the active lipophilic ingredient into the skin. Which shows that Hyaluronic acid not only works inside the skin pt hydrate and plump, but also has the function to penetrate the dermis to deliver skincare ingredients deeper into the skin intercellular and follicular pathways.
.MingKongaXi, GuangChenbDong, KeonKweoncHyun, JinPark (2011) Investigations on skin permeation of hyaluronic acid based nanoemulsion as transdermal carrier.
Other researchers studied hyaluronic acid alongside other ingredients to help soothe some side effects and effectively deliver other ingredients to the skin. Their study which was published in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology involved 34 participants taking isotretinoin and a gel-cream containing hyaluronic acid and 33 participants (also taking isotretinoin) a placebo cream. Oral and topical retinoids are infamous for causing dryness and irritation, but after three months, the group that got the HA gel-cream showed improved hydration, less acne, and less trans-epidermal water loss than the placebo group. These results suggest that an HA-containing cream can be useful for mitigating the side effects of retinoids or substances known to cause dryness by drawing water into the molecule which sits in the skin and dermis.
María Isabel Herane MD Héctor Fuenzalida MD Emilia Zegpi MD Carolina De Pablo QF Maria José Espadas MS Carles Trullás MS Alfons Mirada MD Guillermo González Martin QF (2009): Specific gel‐cream as adjuvant to oral isotretinoin improved hydration and prevented TEWL increase – a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study
In another study, this one published in 2014 in the Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 23 women applied a serum containing HA and human growth factor (proteins found naturally in the body) twice a day for eight weeks. Compared with their original baseline, participants showed an improvement in signs of aging—specifically, wrinkles around the eyes—after eight weeks.
Do Hyun Lee, In Young Oh, Kyo Tan Koo, Jang Mi Suk, Sang Wook Jung, Jin Oh Park (2014): Improvement in skin wrinkles using a preparation containing human growth factors and hyaluronic acid serum.
Retinol is converted to retinoic acid when applied to the skin when its absorbed. The following study looked at the effects of retinoic acid and hyaluronic acid on skin cells by applying both ingredients to cells and harvesting the culture samples for microscopy to analyse changes. They found that ‘’Retinoic acid caused a marked change in the epidermal tissue architecture. The epidermal cells were flattened and contained fewer desmosomes and tonofilaments than control explants. Retinoic acid induced accumulation of fine granular material in the intercellular spaces in the upper, and less dense, flocculent material.’’ Meaning cells were smoother and more refined. It also induces the synthesis of new intercellular material, at least a part of which is hyaluronic acid.’’ Which shows that the ingredients can be used together to improve skin texture and in synthesis. It also demonstrates that RA leads to an accumulation of HA in the superficial layers of epidermis by stimulating its synthesis in keratinocytes
Raija Tammi Markku Tammi (1986): Influence of retinoic acid on the ultrastructure and hyaluronic acid synthesis of adult human epidermis in whole skin organ culture
J Clin studied human subjects between 30 and 60 years of age with signs of wrinkles. They were asked to apply various molecular weights of 0.1% HA cream including 50, 130, 300, 800 and 2000 kDa. After one month they found that treatment with 130 kDa HA was the most effective, increasing skin elasticity by 20%. Both the 50 and 130 kDa group had significant improvement in wrinkle depth and skin roughness after 60 days. All the other molecular weights still improved elasticity and skin hydration,.
This graph is a breakdown of the various percentages and molecular weights of HA on skin hydration against the Relative Water content of the skin over time.
J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. (2012) Efficacy and Safety of a Low-Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Topical Gel in the Treatment of Facial Seborrheic Dermatitis
‘’ Skin moisturizing is one of the key aims of the commercially available skin care products. In order to keep the skin in good condition the cosmetic formulations should contain active compounds which are able to bind water and hence are responsible for water retention. One of the most widely applied active ingredient showing such properties is hyaluronic acid. Its physicochemical and biological properties are responsible for proper tissue hydration and transport of ions and nutrients.’’
‘’HA is a highly hygroscopic biopolymer. Each glucuronic acid unit contains a carboxyl group, giving rise to polyanionic character at physiological pH. Therefore, in the presence of water, hyaluronic acid molecules can expand in volume (1000 times) and can form a network stabilized by hydrogen bonds. One HA molecule can bind to approximately 250 water molecules (1 g of HA retains 6 l of water). Hyaluronic acid is nontoxic, non- irritating and non-sensitizing because it occurs naturally in skin.’’
Anna OLEJNIK, Joanna GOŚCIAŃSKA, Izabela NOWAK – Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań (2012): Significance of hyaluronic acid in cosmetic industry and aesthetic medicine
After significant research, case studies, trials and appropriate scientific scalable studies we think that the claims made by us regarding Niacinamide, Witch Hazell, Tea Tree Oil and Hyaluronic Acid are well within the bounds of accuracy and are in no way inflated, presumptuous or misleading. Niacinamide, Witch Hazell and Tea Tree Oil have clearly been shown to help with spots and oily skin types whilst niacinamide helps skin tone, texture and improve irregularities. The detoxing ingredient Charcoal helps to purify and absorb particulates from skin. We have stated ‘targets’ rather than ‘will reduce’ so as to not make any specific promises to the consumer, or promise them any timescales for specific results.
The Purpose of this qualitative research was in order to conduct a qualitative and sometimes quantative in-depth study of the product ingredient’s to support their cosmetic claims for the purpose of advertising, marketing and sales purposes in line with the European Regulation 655/2013 as detailed below. We have elaborated where necessary our viewpoint on the specific topics.
‘’Product claims of cosmetic products serve mainly to inform end users about the characteristics and qualities of the products. Those claims are essential ways of differ entiating between products. They also contribute to stimulating innovation and fostering competition.’’
Section One: Legal compliance.
(1) Claims that indicate that the product has been authorised or approved by a competent authority within the Union.
N/A For this product and is compliant.
(2) The acceptability of a claim shall be based on the perception of the average end user of a cosmetic product, who is reasonably well-informed and reasonably observant and circumspect, taking into account social, cultural and linguistic factors in the market in question.
People who are in the beauty aisle shopping for skincare will be well aware of the products function (hydrating and anti-ageing) based on the information on the front of the packet and its claims. A young teen for example would not be interested in this product and would be extremely unlikely to pick it up. Being a cosmetic cultural, linguistic and social factors are unlikely to be an alter the perspective of the product in any way.
(3) Claims which convey the idea that a product has a specific benefit when this benefit is mere compliance with minimum legal requirements shall not be allowed.
N/A For this product and is compliant.
Section two: Truthfulness
(1) If it is claimed on the product that it contains a specific ingredient, the ingredient shall be deliberately present.
All ingredients mentioned in the marketing claims are key and deliberate ingredients.
(2) Ingredient claims referring to the properties of a specific ingredient shall not imply that the finished product has the same properties when it does not.
The ingredients used in this product and the simple formulation was designed to bring out the benefits of the ingredients and in a way that complements each other and in effect increase the efficacy of the ingredients. For example, the retinol and hyaluronic acid molecules are dissolved in distilled water and made smaller in order for them to penetrate and absorb into the dermis effectively whereas using them on their own would not allow this. Special care has been taken to word the claims in a way that does not insinuate that this is pure retinol or pure hyaluronic acid and does not make any claims to suggest this.
(3) Marketing communications shall not imply that expressions of opinions are verified claims unless the opinion reflects verifiable evidence.
We have taken all research into consideration before marketing any claims and do not make any which has not been backed up by science and studies on human subjects. To do this would be against our companies ethics, standard and practices.
Section Three: Evidential support
(1) Claims for cosmetic products, whether explicit or implicit, shall be supported by adequate and verifiable evidence regardless of the types of evidential support used to substantiate them, including where appropriate expert assessments.
We do not make any product claims without first looking at research on ingredient benefits and only use ingredient formulations which are known to be effective in what they’re aiming to achieve fort the consumer.
(2) Evidence for claim substantiation shall take into account state of the art practices.
All research we look at is carried out by relevant scientists and researchers who use state of the art technology and analysis to test their subjects.
(3) Where studies are being used as evidence, they shall be relevant to the product and to the benefit claimed, shall follow well-designed, well-conducted methodologies (valid, reliable and reproducible) and shall respect ethical considerations.
All studies we looked at study the Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Hyaluronic in a cosmetic context, using real skin application so its relevant and applicable to our claims.
(4) The level of evidence or substantiation shall be consistent with the type of claim being made, in particular for claims where lack of efficacy may cause a safety problem.
All levels of efficacy needed in the ingredients are well researched and the ingredients in their respective quantities or lack of efficacy do not pose any safety problems.
(5) Statements of clear exaggeration which are not to be taken literally by the average end user (hyperbole) or statements of an abstract nature shall not require substantiation.
N/A to this product or claim made.
(6) A claim extrapolating (explicitly or implicitly) ingredient properties to the finished product shall be supported by adequate and verifiable evidence, such as by demonstrating the presence of the ingredient at an effective concentration.
We look at product efficacy and ingredient percentages before making a claim in all new product development and before highlighting what the product does. We assess the nature of the products usage when generating a formula and decide on acceptable levels per ingredient to make an effective product in line with European Safety standards. If we find that an unsafe amount of ingredient is needed to make the product effective then we do not use it, similarly if a safe percentage of an ingredient is ineffective at what it does then we do not use it and would look for an alternative.
(7) Assessment of the acceptability of a claim shall be based on the weight of evidence of all studies, data and information available depending on the nature of the claim and the prevailing general knowledge the end users.
As per above studies.
Section 4: Honesty
(1) Presentations of a product’s performance shall not go beyond the available supporting evidence.
We have not made any claims which are not supported or go beyond available studies. For example we use the word ‘Target’ as this is not making any specific promises to the consumer other than they it can be used for these issues.
(2) Claims shall not attribute to the product concerned specific (i.e. unique) characteristics if similar products possess the same characteristics.
N/A to these claims.
(3) If the action of a product is linked to specific conditions, such as use in association with other products, this shall be clearly stated.
N/A For this product
Section five: Fairness
(1) Claims for cosmetic products shall be objective and shall not denigrate the competitors, nor shall they denigrate ingredients legally used.
N/A For this product and is compliant.
(2) Claims for cosmetic products shall not create confusion with the product of a competitor.
L 190/34
Official Journal of the European Union
11.7.2013
N/A For this product and is compliant.
Section Six: Informed decision-making
(1) Claims shall be clear and understandable to the average end user.
We do not use complicated Jargon, misleading claims, misrepresented statements or exaggerated adjectives in our claims. We use simple statements to inform the consumer about the products benefits and how it can improve their skin in a clear and concise way.
(2) Claims are an integral part of products and shall contain information allowing the average end user to make an informed choice.
We developed this product in order to improve skin so it’s important to us to highlight this through product claims otherwise the product would have no use or selling points to the end consumer; so we highlight what the product does to the skin based on the scope of available research in order for them to pick a product which they need/want.
(3) Marketing communications shall take into account the capacity of the target audience (population of relevant Member States or segments of the population, e.g. end users of different age and gender) to comprehend the communication. Marketing communications shall be clear, precise, relevant and understandable by the target audience.
As our products are skincare and cosmetics; our marketing communications are appropriate for all consumers and specific people or groups would not be misled into buying the products. We do not coerce or shroud our claims in any mystery.
In line with CAP and ASA Guidelines and rules this product does not use claims such as leading”, “best”, or “cheaper” than any other brands of similar products.
Claims regarding the nature of experimental studies (Annex II of Technical document on cosmetic claims)
- ‘‘tolerance tested’’
The claim and 'tolerance tested' means that the product underwent tests under the supervision of a scientifically qualified professional intended to study its tolerance on a target group and that the results of those tests show that the product was well tolerated by this group.”
N/A to this product – we do not claim this.
- ‘’tested under medical supervision"
’The claim 'tested under medical supervision' indicates that the product underwent tests conductedunder the supervision of a medically qualified professional, such as a medical doctor or a dentist. Depending on the presentation of the claim, it may, for example, refer to a specific efficacy of the product or skin tolerance.
N/A to this product – we do not claim this.
- ‘’dermatologically tested’’
‘’The claim 'dermatologically tested' implies that the product was tested on humans under the supervision of a dermatologist. Depending on the presentation of the claim, it may refer to a specific efficacy or tolerance of the product. Consumer self-perception studies are not appropriate to support such claims. The same logic would apply to a claim referring to any other medical discipline.’’
N/A to this product – we do not claim this.
- ‘’clinically tested’’
‘’The claim 'clinically tested' refers to expertise, process or conditions under which the tests were carried out. 'Clinically tested' means that the product was tested on humans under the supervision of a medically qualified professional or another scientifically qualified professional according to a clinical protocol or in a clinical setting.’’
N/A to this product – we do not claim this.
'Free from' Claims
N/A to this product – we do not claim this.
'Natural' and 'organic' Claims
The terms 'natural' and 'organic' are not specifically regulated under the CPR, which controls the safety of cosmetic products. However, the provisions for cosmetic claims in Article 20 of the CPR and the Common Criteria apply equally to these claims as well.
The ISO Standard 16128 provides guidance on the definition of 'natural' and 'organic' (ISO 16128-1), and how to calculate the % of naturalness of ingredients in finished cosmetic products (ISO 16128-2). There is no legal requirement to comply with the ISO guidelines, it is a company decision.
N/A to this product – we do not claim this.
'Hypoallergenic' Claims
N/A to this product – we do not claim this.
'Not Tested on Animals' Claims
N/A as this is common law.
'Vegan' Claims
There is no legal definition of a vegan or vegetarian cosmetic product. Manufacturers may include claims that the product does not contain any animal-derived ingredients at all or is "suitable for vegans". Such claims are acceptable, but it is a legal requirement that all claims can be substantiated and are not misleading to the consumer.
N/A to this product – we do not claim this.
Halal
N/A to this product – we do not claim this.